|
Chapter 32
| RULE 1: Adverb endings: |
1) positive = -ê (I/II), -iter
(III);
2) comparative = -ius;
3) superlative = -issimê (irregular forms = -rimê,
-limê). |
I. Grammar
A. Adverbs
Lacking case endings, Latin adverbs are generally easier to learn than
nouns and adjectives. The only endings to be memorized are cited above
in Rule 1, though it's important to bear in mind that the "irregular"
forms covered in Chapter 27 (e.g. superlatives ending in -rimus
and -limus and comparatives like plus and melior)
apply to adverbs as well.
B. Volo: You are responsible for knowing malo
and nolo also (see Wheelock, pp.392-4).
Click here for a review sheet covering
verb forms (Chapters 28-32).
C. Reading and Recitation
Here is a link to the Reading
for this chapter, a passage from Petronius' Satyricon.
II. Vocabulary
divitiae: The noun is plural, cf. English riches.
honor: This noun means "public office"
(cf. cursus honorum, "the path of public offices" followed
by Roman politicians as they rose to the consulship). From that sense
came the meaning "honor," the acclaim often concomitant with
holding public office.
MALO, MALLE, MALUI: "prefer,
incline toward"; add this verb to your vocabulary.
custodia: In the plural, it means "guards."
lex: : "the word for the single ordinances
the collection of which constitutes ius" (Palmer, The
Latin Language, 25-6) .
par: It is a third-declension adjective, therefore
i-stem (ablative singular pari, neuter
nominative/accusative plural paria, genitive
plural parium).
prohibeo: = pro- ("in front")
+ habeo ("hold, keep"). Note that prohibeo
takes the accusative + infinitive to mean "prevent someone (accusative)
from doing something (infinitive)" (see Wheelock, p.153, note 6).
III. Review for Test 2
|
Test 2: Review
____________________________________
NOMEN TUUM
I. VERB FORMS. Translate the following verb forms
into English. Identify subjunctives by putting an "S"
to the left of the form. (30 pts.)
1. nolebam
2. respondeatur
3. oblata essent
4. amissae sitis
5. praestaremus
6. contulerimus
7. exponereris
8. malemus
9. discessisses
10. voluisse
II. Circle the proper subjunctive form for each
sentence. (10 pts.)
1. Tam acerbus erit ut nemo eum amare (possit,
posset, potuisset). |
|
2. Stulti rogabant quae bona umquam sapientia (ferat,
tulerit, tulisset). |
|
3. Haec cupiverunt ut vitam feliciorem (agant, agerent,
egerint). |
|
4. Orator cognoverat unde (venias, veneras,
venisses). |
5. Dic mihi cur (discedetis, discederetis,
discesseritis). |
III. Complete the chart by filling in the missing
adverbs. (10 pts.)
| POSITIVE |
COMPARATIVE |
SUPERLATIVE |
|
sapienter
|
_____________________ |
_____________________ |
|
_________________
|
peius |
_____________________ |
|
facile
|
______________________ |
_____________________ |
|
_________________
|
______________________ |
maximê |
|
liberê
|
______________________ |
_____________________ |
IV. Translate the following sentences into reasonable
English which reflects the syntax of the Latin sentence. Answer
the grammar questions appended. (50 pts.)
1. Scelus eius tantum fuerat ut ab amicis nec
diligeretur nec cognosceretur.
| What case is amicis and why? |
________________________________________________ |
| What mood is cognosceretur and why? |
________________________________________________ |
| What tense is cognosceretur and why? |
________________________________________________ |
2.In exsilium se conferant ut otium nobis
dent.
| What mood is conferant
and why? |
__________________________________________________ |
| What case is nobis and why? |
__________________________________________________ |
| What mood is dent and why? |
__________________________________________________ |
| What tense is dent and why? |
__________________________________________________ |
3. Cum divitias omnes celerrimê amitteret,
tamen felix erat et diutius vixit.
| What degree of what form is celerrimê? |
______________________________________________ |
| What mood is amitteret and why? |
______________________________________________ |
| What case is felix and why? |
______________________________________________ |
| What degree of what form is diutius? |
______________________________________________ |
4 . Nolint discipuli rogare utrum
("whether") sententiae quas scribemus sint
difficiliores aut longiores!
| What mood is Nolint and why?
|
______________________________________________ |
| What mood is rogare and why? |
______________________________________________ |
| What mood is sint and why? |
______________________________________________ |
| What degree of what form is longiores? |
______________________________________________ |
**************************************************************************
ANSWERS
| I. |
|
1. I was not wishing, I did not
wish |
|
6. we will have gathered OR (S)
we have gathered |
| |
(S) |
2. it is answered |
(S) |
7. you were exposed |
| |
(S) |
3. they (neut.) had been offered |
|
8. we will prefer |
| |
(S) |
4. you (f. pl.) were/have been lost |
(S) |
9. you had departed |
| |
(S) |
5. we exhibited |
|
10. to have wished |
II. |
1. possit (result, contemporaneous
action in primary sequence) |
|
2. tulisset (indirect question,
prior action in secondary sequence) |
|
3. agerent (purpose, contemporaneous
action in secondary sequence) |
|
4. venisses (indirect question,
prior action in secondary sequence) |
| |
5. discesseritis (indirect question,
prior action in primary sequence) |
III. |
sapienter |
SAPIENTIUS |
SAPIENTISSIMÊ |
| |
MALE |
peius |
PESSIMÊ |
|
facile |
FACILIUS |
FACILLIMÊ |
|
MAGNOPERE |
MAGIS |
maximê |
| |
liberê |
LIBERIUS |
LIBERRIMÊ |
IV. 1. His crime had been so great that he was
neither honored nor acknowledged by (his) friends.
amicis: ablative of personal agent
cognosceretur (mood): subjunctive, result clause
cognosceretur (tense): imperfect, contemporaneous
action in secondary sequence
2. Let them go (literally "bear themselves") into exile
in order to give us peace.
conferant: subjunctive, jussive
nobis: dative, indirect object
dent (mood): subjunctive, purpose clause
dent (tense): present, contemporaneous action in
primary sequence
3. Although he lost all (his) money very quickly, nevertheless
he was happy and lived rather long.
celerrimê: superlative adverb
amitteret: subjunctive in a cum clause
felix: nominative, predicate adjective
diutius: comparative adverb
4. Let the students be unwilling to ask whether the sentences which
we will write are too difficult or too long!
Nolint: subjunctive, jussive
rogare: infinitive, complementary with nolo
sint: subjunctive, indirect question
longiores: comparative adjective |
|