Lance Seefeldt
Biochemistry
Department Head and Professor
![Lance C. Seefeldt](/chem/images/directory/faculty/seefelt-lance.jpg)
Contact Information
Office Location: WIDT 241Phone: (435) 797-3964
Email: lance.seefeldt@usu.edu
Additional Information:
Biography
Trained in chemistry and biochemistry at the University of Redlands, the University of California at Riverside, and the University of Georgia. On the faculty in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department at Utah State University since 1993.
Teaching Interests
General chemistry, general biochemistry, bioenergetics, metallobiochemistry, nitrogen fixation.
Research Interests
Biofuels, bioenergy, nitrogen fixation, food production, metals in biology.
Awards
Outstanding Graduate Mentor of the Year, 2019
Utah State University
Co-Chair, N Cycle Workshop, 2015
National Science Foundation
Council Member, Council on Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, 2015
Department of Energy
Laboratory Fellow, 2013
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2013
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Outstanding Lecturer Award, 2012
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
D. Wynne Thorne Career Research Award, 2012
Utah State University
Science Collaborator of the Year, 2010
Energy Dynamics Laboratory, USU
USU College of Science Teacher of the Year, 2007
USU College of Science
USU College of Science Researcher of the Year, 2004
USU College of Science
Eli Lily Travel Award Recipient, 1992
The Protein Society
Outstanding Teaching Assistant of the Year in Biochemistry, 1987
University of California, Riverside
- Seefeldt, L., (2017). Nitrogen Fixation: Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
Publications | Book Chapters
An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.
Publications | Journal Articles
Academic Journal
- Badalyan, A., Yang, Z., Hu, M., Liu, T.L, Seefeldt, L., (2022). Tailoring electron transfer pathway for photocatalytic N2-to-NH3 reduction in a CdS quantum dots-nitrogenase system. Sustainable Energy Fuels, 6, 2256--2263.
- Badalyan, A., Yang, Z., Hu, B., Luo, J., Hu, M., Liu, T.L, Seefeldt, L., (2019). An Efficient Viologen-Based Electron Donor to Nitrogenase. Biochemistry, 58, 4590-4595.
- Hu, B., Hu, M., Seefeldt, L., Liu, T.L, (2019). Electrochemical Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia by Mo2N: Catalysis or Decomposition?. ACS Energy Lett., 4:5, 1053--1054.
- Peters, J.W, Beratan, D.N, Bothner, B., Dyer, R.B, Harwood, C.S, Heiden, Z.M, Hille, R., Jones, A.K, King, P.W, Lu, Y., Lubner, C.E, Minteer, S.D, Mulder, D.W, Raugei, S., Schut, G.J, Seefeldt, L., Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Zadvornyy, O.A, Zhang, P., Adams, M.W, (2018). A new era for electron bifurcation. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 47, 32--38.
- Zheng, Y., Harris, D.F, Yu, Z., Fu, Y., Poudel, S., Ledbetter, R.N, Fixen, K.R, Yang, Z., Boyd, E.S, Lidstrom, M.E, Seefeldt, L., Harwood, C.S, (2018). A pathway for biological methane production using bacterial iron-only nitrogenase. Nature Microbiology, 3, 281--286.
- Chen, J.G, Crooks, R.M, Seefeldt, L., Bren, K.L, Bullock, R.M, Darensbourg, M.Y, Holland, P.L, Hoffman, B., Janik, M.J, Jones, A.K, Kanatzidis, M.G, King, P., Lancaster, K.M, Lymar, S.V, Pfromm, P., Schneider, W.F, Schrock, R.R, (2018). Beyond fossil fuel–driven nitrogen transformations. Science, 360:6391, eaar6611.
- Mao, Z., Liou, S., Khadka, N., Jenney, F.E, Goodin, D.B, Seefeldt, L., Adams, M.W, Cramer, S., Larsen, D.S, (2018). Cluster Dependent Charge-Transfer Dynamics in Iron-Sulfur Proteins. Biochemistry, 57, 978--990.
- Seefeldt, L., Peters, J.W, Beratan, D.N, Bothner, B., Minteer, S.D, Raugei, S., Hoffman, B.M, (2018). Control of electron transfer in nitrogenase. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 47, 54--59.
- Raugei, S., Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2018). Critical computational analysis illuminates the reductive-elimination mechanism that activates nitrogenase for N2 reduction. PNAS, 201810211.
- Hu, B., Harris, D., Dean, D., Liu, T.L, Yang, Z., Seefeldt, L., (2018). Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Catalyzed by Nitrogenase MoFe and FeFe Proteins. Bioelectrochemistry, 120, 104-109.
- Poudel, S., Colman, D.R, Fixen, K.R, Ledbetter, R.N, Zheng, Y., Pence, N., Seefeldt, L., Peters, J.W, Harwood, C.S, Boyd, E.S, (2018). Electron transfer to nitrogenase in different genomic and metabolic backgrounds. J. Bacteriol., 200, JB.00757--17.
- Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, Peters, J.W, Raugei, S., Beratan, D.N, Antony, E., Dean, D.R, (2018). Energy transduction in nitrogenase. Acc. Chem. Res., 51, 2179--2186.
- Mus, F., Alleman, A.B, Pence, N., Seefeldt, L., Peters, J.W, (2018). Exploring the alternatives of biological nitrogen fixation. Metallomics, 10:4, 523--538.
- Lukoyanov, D.A, Khadka, N., Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2018). Hydride Conformers of the Nitrogenase FeMo-cofactor Two-Electron Reduced State E2(2H), Assigned Using Cryogenic Intra Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Cavity Photolysis. Inorg. Chem., 57, 6847--6852.
- Harris, D., Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2018). Kinetic Understanding of N2 Reduction versus H2 Evolution at the E4(4H) Janus State in the Three Nitrogenases. Biochemistry, 57, 5706--5714.
- Harris, D.F, Lukoyanov, D.A, Shaw, S., Compton, P., Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Bothner, B., Kelleher, N., Dean, D.R, Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2018). Mechanism of N2 reduction catalyzed by Fe-nitrogenase involves reductive elimination of H$_{\textrm{2}}$. Biochemistry, 57, 70--710.
- Jimenez-Vicente, E., Yang, Z., Ray, W.K, Echavarri-Erasun, C., Cash, V.L, Rubio, L.M, Seefeldt, L., Dean, D.R, (2018). Sequential and differential interaction of assembly factors during nitrogenase MoFe protein maturation. J. Biol. Chem., 293, 9182--9823.
- Keable, S.M, Zadvornyy, O.A, Johnson, L.E, Ginovska, B., Rasmussen, A.J, Danyal, K., Eilers, B.J, Prussia, G.A, LeVan, A.X, Raugei, S., Seefeldt, L., Peters, J.W, (2018). Structural characterization of the P $^{\textrm{1+}}$ intermediate state of the P-cluster of nitrogenase. J. Biol. Chem., 293, 9629--9635.
- Harris, D., Lukoyanov, D., Shaw, S., Compton, P.D, Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Bothner, B., Kelleher, N.L, Dean, D.R, Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2017). The Mechanism of N2 Reduction Catalyzed by Fe-Nitrogenase Involves Reductive Elimination of H2. Biochemistry
- Costas, A.M, Poudel, S., Miller, A., Schut, G.J, Ledbetter, R.N, Fixen, K.R, Seefeldt, L., Adams, M.W, Harwood, C.S, Boyd, E.S, Peters, J.W, (2017). Defining Electron Bifurcation in the Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Family. Journal of Bacteriology, 199:21, e00440–17.
- Khadka, N., Milton, R.D, Shaw, S., Lukoyanov, D., Dean, D.R, Minteer, S.D, Raugei, S., Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2017). Mechanism of Nitrogenase H2 Formation by Metal-Hydride Protonation Probed by Mediated Electrocatalysis and H/D Isotope Effects. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139, 13518–13524.
- Pence, N., Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Yang, Z., Ledbetter, R.N, Seefeldt, L., Bothner, B., Peters, J.W, (2017). Unraveling the interactions of the physiological reductant flavodoxin with the different conformations of the Fe protein in the nitrogenase cycle. Journal of Biological Chemistry, jbc.M117.801548.
- Ledbetter, R., Garcia-Costas, A.M, Lubner, C.E, Mulder, D.W, Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Artz, J.H, Patterson, A., Magnuson, T., Jay, Z.J, Duan, H.D, Miller, J., Plunkett, M.H, Hoben, J.P, Barney, B.M, Carlson, R.P, Miller, A., Bothner, B., King, P.W, Peters, J.W, Seefeldt, L., (2017). The Electron Bifurcating FixABCX Protein Complex from Azotobacter vinelandii: Generation of Low-Potential Reducing Equivalents for Nitrogenase Catalysis. Biochemistry, 56, 4177–4190.
- Lukoyanov, D., Khadka, N., Dean, D.R, Raugei, S., Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2017). Photoinduced reductive elimination of H<sub>2</sub> from the nitrogenase dihydride (Janus) state involves a FeMo-cofactor-H<sub>2</sub> intermediate. Inorganic Chemistry, 56:4, 2233–2240.
- Davydov, R., Khadka, N., Yang, Z., Fielding, A.J, Lukoyanov, D., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2016). Exploring electron/proton transfer and conformational changes in the nitrogenase MoFe protein and FeMo-cofactor through cryoreduction/EPR measurements. Israel Journal of Chemistry, 56, 841–851.
- Danyal, K., Shaw, S., Page, T.R, Duval, S., Horitani, M., Marts, A.R, Lukoyanov, D., Dean, D.R, Raugei, S., Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., Antony, E., (2016). Negative cooperativity in the nitrogenase Fe protein electron delivery cycle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, E5783–E5791.
- Khadka, N., Dean, D.R, Smith, D., Hoffman, B.M, Raugei, S., Seefeldt, L., (2016). CO<sub>2</sub> reduction catalyzed by nitrogenase: pathways to formate, carbon monoxide, and methane. Inorganic Chemistry, 55:17, 8321–8330.
- Fixen, K.R, Zheng, Y., Harris, D.F, Shaw, S., Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Harwood, C.S, (2016). Light-driven carbon dioxide reduction to methane by nitrogenase in a photosynthetic bacterium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113:36, 10163–10167.
- Milton, R.D, Abdellaoui, S., Khadka, N., Dean, D.R, Leech, D., Seefeldt, L., Minteer, S.D, (2016). Nitrogenase bioelectrocatalysis: heterogeneous ammonia and hydrogen production by MoFe protein. Energy & Environmental Science, 9:8, 2550–2554.
- Lukoyanov, D., Khadka, N., Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2016). Reductive elimination of H<sub>2</sub> activates nitrogenase to reduce the N≡N triple bond: characterization of the E4(4H) Janus intermediate in wild-type enzyme. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138:33, 10674–10683.
- Yang, Z., Ledbetter, R., Shaw, S., Pence, N., Tokmina-Lukaszewska, M., Eilers, B., Guo, Q., Pokhrel, N., Cash, V.L, Dean, D.R, Antony, E., Bothner, B., Peters, J.W, Seefeldt, L., (2016). Evidence that the Pi release event is the rate-limiting step in the nitrogenase catalytic cycle. Biochemistry, 55, 3625–3635.
- Brown, K.A, Harris, D.F, Wilker, M.B, Rasmussen, A., Khadka, N., Hamby, H., Keable, S., Dukovic, G., Peters, J.W, Seefeldt, L., King, P.W, (2016). Light-driven dinitrogen reduction catalyzed by a CdS:nitrogenase MoFe protein biohybrid. Science, 352:6284, 448–450.
- Lukoyanov, D., Khadka, N., Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2016). Reversible photoinduced reductive elimination of H<sub>2</sub> from the nitrogenase dihydride state, the E4(4H) Janus intermediate. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138:4, 1320–1327.
- Lukoyanov, D., Yang, Z., Khadka, N., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2015). Identification of a Key Catalytic Intermediate Demonstrates That Nitrogenase Is Activated by the Reversible Exchange of N2 for H2. Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Shaw, S., Lukoyanov, D., Danyal, K., Dean, D.R, Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2014). Nitrite and Hydroxylamine as Nitrogenase Substrates: Mechanistic Implications for the Pathway of N2 Reduction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136:36, 12776–12783.
- Hoffman, B.M, Lukoyanov, D., Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2014). Mechanism of nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase: the next stage. Chemical Reviews, 114:8, 4041–4062.
- Smith, D., Danyal, K., Raugei, S., Seefeldt, L., (2014). Substrate channel in nitrogenase revealed by a molecular dynamics approach. Biochemistry, 53:14, 2278–2285.
- Lukoyanov, D., Yang, Z., Duval, S., Danyal, K., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2014). A confirmation of the quench-cryoannealing relaxation protocol for identifying reduction states of freeze-trapped nitrogenase intermediates. Inorganic Chemistry, 53, 3688–3693.
- Adams, C., Godfrey, V., Wahlen, B., Seefeldt, L., Bugbee, B.G, (2013). Understanding precision nitrogen stress to optimize the growth and lipid content tradeoff in oleaginous green microalgae. Bioresource technology, 131, 188–194.
- Wahlen, B.D, Morgan, M.R, McCurdy, A.T, Willis, R.M, Morgan, M.D, Dye, D.J, Bugbee, B.G, Wood, B.D, Seefeldt, L., (2012). Biodiesel from microalgae, yeast, and bacteria: engine performance and exhaust emissions. Energy & Fuels, 27:1, 220–228.
- Wahlen, B.D, Willis, R.M, Seefeldt, L., (2011). Biodiesel production by simultaneous extraction and conversion of total lipids from microalgae, cyanobacteria, and wild-mixed cultures. Bioresource Technology, 102, 2724-2730.
- Yang, Z.Y, Seefeldt, L., Dean, D.R, Cramer, S.P, George, S.J, (2011). Steric control of the Hi-CO MoFe nitrogenase complex revealed by stopped-flow infra-red spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 272-275.
- Danyal, K., Mayweather, D., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2010). Conformational gating of electron transfer from nitrogenase Fe protein to MoFe protein. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 6894-6895.
- Sarma, R., Barney, B.M, Keable, S., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Peters, J.W, (2010). Insights into substrate binding at FeMo-cofactor in nitrogenase from the structure of an alpha70Ile MoFe protein variant. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 104, 385-389.
- Lukoyanov, D., Yang, Z.Y, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2010). Is Mo involved in hydride binding by the four-electron reduced (E4) intermediate of the nitrogenase MoFe protein? . Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 2526-2527.
- Danyal, K., Inglet, B.S, Vincent, K.A, Barney, B.M, Hoffman, B.M, Armstrong, F.A, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2010). Uncoupling nitrogenase: catalytic reduction of hydrazine to ammonia by a MoFe protein in the absence of Fe protein-ATP. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132, 13197-13199.
- Barney, B.M, Yurth, M.G, Dos Santos, P.C, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2009). A substrate channel in the nitrogenase MoFe protein. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 14, 1015-1022.
- Harris, D.G, Seefeldt, L., (2009). An Updated Kinetic Study of the Enzyme Lactase for the Biochemistry Laboratory. Journal of Chemical Education, 86, 271.
- Hoffman, B.M, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2009). Climbing nitrogenase: towards a mechanism of enzymatic nitrogen fixation. Accounts of Chemical Research, 42, 609-619.
- Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, Dean, D.R, (2009). Mechanism of Mo-dependent nitrogenase. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 78, 101-722.
- Wahlen, B.D, Oswald, W.S, Seefeldt, L., Barney, B.M, (2009). Purification, characterization, and potential bacterial wax ester production role of an NADPH-dependent fatty aldehyde reductase from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 . Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75, 2758-2764.
- Barney, B.M, Lukoyanov, D., Igarashi, R.Y, Laryukhin, M., Yang, T.C, Dean, D.R, Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2009). Trapping an intermediate of dinitrogen (N2) reduction on nitrogenase. Biochemistry, 48, 9094-9102.
- Sarma, R., Barney, B.M, Hamilton, T.L, Jones, A., Seefeldt, L., Peters, J.W, (2008). Crystal structure of the L protein of Rhodobacter sphaeroides light dependent protochlorophyllide reductase with MgADP bound: a homologue of the nitrogenase Fe protein. Biochemistry, 47, 13004-13015.
- Wahlen, B.D, Barney, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2008). Synthesis of biodiesel from mixed feedstocks and longer chain alcohols using an acid catalyzed method. Energy Fuels, 22, 4223-4228.
- Seefeldt, L., (2008). Synthesis of Biodiesel from Mixed Feedstocks and Longer Chain Alcohols using an Acid Catalyzed Method. Energy and Fuels, 22, 4223.
Professional Journal
- Wahlen, B.D, Morgan, M.R, McCurdy, A.T, Willis, R.M, Dye, D.J, Bugbee, B.G, Wood, B.D, Seefeldt, L., (2013). Biodiesel from microalgae, yeast, and bacteria: engine performance and exhaust emissions. Energy Fuels, 27, 220-228.
- Duval, S., Danyal, K., Shaw, S., Lytle, A.K, Dean, D.R, Hoffman, B.M, Antony, E., Seefeldt, L., (2013). Electron transfer precedes ATP hydrolysis during nitrogenase catalysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 16414-16419.
- Appel, A.M, Seefeldt, L., (2013). Frontiers, Opportunities, and Challenges in Biochemical and Chemical Catalysis of CO2 Fixation.. Chem. Rev., 113, 6621-6658.
- Seefeldt, L., Yang, Z.Y, Duval, S., Dean, D.R, (2013). Nitrogenase reduction of carbon-containing compounds. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1827, 1102-1111.
- Hoffman, B.M, Lukoyanov, D., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2013). Nitrogenase: a draft mechanism. Acc Chem Res, 46, 587-595.
- Yang, Z.Y, Khadka, N., Lukoyanov, D., Hoffman, B.M, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2013). On reversible H2 loss upon N2 binding to FeMo-cofactor of nitrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 16327-16332.
- Moure, V.R, Danyal, K., Wendroth, S., Muller-Santos, M., Pedrosa, F.O, Scarduelli, M., Souza, E.M, Seefeldt, L., (2013). The nitrogenase regulatory enzyme dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase (DraT) is activated by direct interaction with the signal transduction protein GlnB. J. Bacteriol., 195, 279-286.
- Adams, C., Godfrey, V., Wahlen, B., Seefeldt, L., Bugbee, B.G, (2013). Understanding precision nitrogen stress to optimize the growth and lipid content tradeoff in oleaginous green microalgae. Bioresource Technol., 131, 188-194.
- Yang, Z.Y, Moure, V.R, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2012). Carbon dioxide reduction to methane and coupling with acetylene to form propylene catalyzed by remodeled nitrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 19644-19648.
- Barney, B.M, Wahlen, B.D, Garner, E., Wei, J., Seefeldt, L., (2012). Differences in substrate specificities of five bacterial was ester synthases. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 78, 5734-5745.
- Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, Dean, D.R, (2012). Electron transfer in nitrogenase catalysis. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. , 16, 19-25.
- George, S.J, Barney, B.M, Mitra, D., Igarashi, R.Y, Guo, Y., Dean, D.R, Cramer, S.P, Seefeldt, L., (2012). EXAFS and NRVS reveal a conformational distortion of the FeMo-cofactor in the MoFe nitrogenase propargyl alcohol complex. . J. Inorg. Biochem., 112, 85-92.
- Mayweather, D., Danyal, K., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2012). Temperature invariance of the nitrogenase electron transfer mechanism. Biochemistry, 51, 8391-8398.
- Lukoyanov, D., Yang, Z.Y, Barney, B.M, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2012). Unification of reaction pathway and kinetic scheme for N2 reduction catalyzed by nitrogenase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 5583-5587.
- Doan, P.E, Telser, J., Barney, B.M, Igarashi, R.Y, Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2011). (57)Fe ENDOR spectroscopy and 'electron inventory' analysis of the nitrogenase E(4) intermediate suggest the metal-ion core of FeMo-cofactor cycles through only one redox couple. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 17329-17340.
- Danyal, K., Dean, D.R, Hoffman, B.M, Seefeldt, L., (2011). ) Electron transfer within nitrogenase: evidence for a deficit spending mechanism. Biochemistry, 50, 9255-9263.
- Willis, R.M, Wahlen, B.D, Seefeldt, L., Barney, B.M, (2011). Characterization of a fatty acyl-CoA reductase from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8: A bacterial enzyme catalyzing the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohol. Biochemistry, 50, 10550-10558.
- Lukoyanov, D., Dkianov, S.A, Yang, Z.H, Barney, B.M, Samoilova, R.I, Narasimhulu, K., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., Hoffman, B.M, (2011). ENDOR/HYSCORE studies of the common intermediate trapped during nitrogenase reduction of N2H2, CH3N2H, and N2H4 support an alternating reaction pathway for N2 reduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 11655-11664.
- Yang, Z., Dean, D.R, Seefeldt, L., (2011). Molybdenum nitrogenase catalyzes the reduction and coupling of CO to form hydrocarbons. J. Biol. Chem., 286, 19417-19421.
An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.
Publications | Technical Reports
AES Reports
Research Reports
Other Reports
- Lehnert, N., Corruzzi, G., Hegg, E., Seefeldt, L., Stein, L.Y, Norton, J.M, (2016). Feeding the world in the 21st century: Grand challenges in the nitrogen cycle. National Science Foundation
An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.
Publications | Other
An asterisk (*) at the end of a publication indicates that it has not been peer-reviewed.